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Maniots

 

Of all the regions of Greece, the remote, rocky promontory of the Mani (the Braccio di Maina, as it used to be called) has unique spirit of place which has attracted the interest of outsiders since the earliest times. 

 

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 Natural environment and human character. Rugged and arid this arresting landscape with its craggy mountains and seemingly inaccessible coast, with few overland lines of communication to the outside world and with the sea, serving at once as a barrier and a bridge, has inevitably affected human society here leaving an idelible on the inhabitants' way of life, their character, their mentality and their behaviour.

Meanwhile the Maniates came into more frequent contact with the mainstream of European affairs. Wars (especially those between Venice and Turkey and other European conflicts as well), local rebellions and insurrections sparked off by those wars, their own petitions to European rulers, and emigration from the Mani to the outside world brought this small community into the foreground of European history after the fall of Constantinople and Despotate of the Morea.

To some observers the Maniates, bristling with arms "like porcupines", were brave freedom fighters who had never submitted to foreign domination, warriors whose services Western rulers should enlist in support of their own schemes for territorial expansion or political influence.

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About History

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In the seventeenth century the Mani was at the centre of the conflict between Western Europe and the Ottoman Empire. Its people were independent of spirit and irrepressibly rebellious; they were used to living on a war footing and they were seasoned fighters; and for all these reasons they were a major factor in the balance of power in the region. 

woman of Mani

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The Mani lay right on the main seaway from West to East. Its geographical position, coupled with the remarkable qualities of its inhabitants, stirred the interest of Western Europeans and led to its inclusion in the memoirs of many who sailed round Cape Taenaron (Matapan).

 In the eighteenth century, was the age of the Enlightenment, the Age of Reason, the Mani caught up in the complex tangle of international relations and the machinations of foreign powers, found itself once again in the limelight of European political affairs. The Russians, the French and the British all had interests in and the designs on the Peloponnese, especially the Mani with its strategic position, its fortresses and its battle - hardened warriors, and the rivalry between them steadily intensified.

Episodes such as the abortive Orloff  uprising, when Theodore Orloff landed with an armed force at Itylo (1770), the second Russo - Turkish War, at the end of which Lampros Katsonis arrived at Porto Kayo (1792) and tried to raise the Maniates in revolt, and the presence of the Republican French on nearby Kythira after Napoleon had annexed the Ionian Islands to France, naturally attracted outside attention to the Mani and its inhabitants.

 

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About History

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Kapetan Zacharias

The most famous kapetan of Morea (Pelopponnese) Zaharias Barbitsiotis lived  for many years near the Mani, fighting strongly the Turks. It was in the group of kapetan Zacharias that Theodoros Kolokotronis grew up and got into the art of the war, after the death of his father in the fight in the tower of Kastanitsa against Turks.

 

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The most methodical and thorough descriptions, besides giving information on local geography and topography, administration and everyday life, also stress the hardiness and self - discipline of the inhabitants, the closeness of their family ties and their independent spirit. It is true that these characteristics encouraged internal feuding; but, in combination with the ruggedness and inaccessibility of the terrain, they also helped to keep the people in fighting trim and to make the Mani a hotbed of rebellion.

 From the fifteenth to the nineteenth century the Mani enjoyed a degree of internal autonomy and was something of a law unto itself. 

The absence of any stable government or central administration in the region, the limited local resources, the ever-present external and internal dangers and the entrenched right of every adult male in the teeming population to carry arms meant that military preparedness was a necessity of life. Armed kinship groups living in traditional-style fortified dwellings came to be an accepted and integral part of the socio-economic and ekistic scene.

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About History

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The South Mani, had about ninety settlements, 450 war towers and a population of 13,000-15,000 including 2,000-3,300 fighting men in the service of various chieftains, of whom Petrobeys Mavromichalis was the most important. 

  Maniots against Turks-Egypts

in the fight of Verga (1826)

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 In the more rugged and inaccesible terrain of the South Mani the clans lived on equal terms and were strictly exogamous.They were governed by elected chieftains whose authority could be revoked, and they exercised collective control over the running of their villages and strategic decision-making.The relative standing of the clans depended chiefly on their size and was fairly fluid, as the order of precedence could be reshuffled if one clan managed to gain the ascendancy or was weakened in a vendetta with a rival clan. As a general rule they lived in small villages or hamlets organized into fortified settlements of one or more branches of the family, with the houses clustered round the collective war tower

During the War of Independence the total population of Mani was between 32,000-37,000. There were about 180 villages and hamlets and about 800 towers (i.e. fortified strongholds of the kapetans and clans). The number of fighting men in the service of all the Maniate kapetans and chieftains is estimated at between 6,000-10,000. 

 about history

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For more informations and reservations send e-mail to taenaro@otenet.gr or call to:      

+30 27330 21252 phone/fax

Copyright © 2003, www.taenaroapartments.gr 

Last modified 20/7/03